每段顶格写+段落之间空一行 不写主观的内容 可数名词用复数形式 表示泛指 Computers play an essential role in modern education. → 泛指“电脑”这一类设备，而不是某几台。
Students should be encouraged to develop critical thinking. → 泛指所有学生，而非某几个。
Cars cause a significant amount of air pollution in cities. → 泛指汽车这一类交通工具。
Books are a valuable source of knowledge. → 泛指书籍，而非特定几本。
Teachers have a great influence on children’s development. → 泛指教师这个群体。 ❌ Computer is important in education. ✔ 应该是：Computers are important in education.
be beneficial to get benefits from（pose threats to） have/pose positive(negative) influences on be benefited from (be harmful/ detrimental to / be threaten by)
在乎
v.
pay attention to/ give priority to/ focus on/ concentrate on
被认为做某事
should do sth/ be supposed to do sth
有可能做某事
be likely to do sth
高级替换
circumanstance 情况 替换 situation = condition，此外circumanstance 也可翻译为”环境”“氛围” It is difficult to stay focused in noisy circumstances.→ 在嘈杂的氛围中很难集中注意力。 alternatives 方法 替换 method=way=means=approach compulsory 强制性的 必修的
逻辑
积累易错词
单词
词性
中文意思
用法/例句
advertising
不可数名词
广告业；广告活动（泛指）
Advertising influences consumer behavior.
advertise
动词
做广告；宣传
Companies advertise their products on social media.
advertisement
可数名词
一则广告（具体的广告内容）
I saw an interesting advertisement on YouTube.
审题
第一步看题型：最后一句
议论文的题型(85%)：一个问题，包括同意与否、两方讨论、优缺对比、好或坏
报告文的题型(15%)：两个问题，包括原因+解决、任意两个问题
第二步看题目内容：
确定主题：概括重点讨论的话题——题目的主语/宾语/目的
看准内容：一件事情/两者对比
找到限定词：比较级 绝对词 范围
四段式：
开头段40字
主体段有两段 200字（100+100/150+50）
结尾段20字(以上字数建议是最低要求)
开头段
议论文开头段(适用于同意与否、两方讨论、优缺对比、好或坏):
50字以内 6分钟以内
背景句：概括——抽象+学术：一个内容用主题、两个内容提取共性
改写句：主被动互换、换词（常换名词/动词）、两个内容合二为一（题目有对比）
观点句：具体的观点增加TR扣题+原因（预告）
同意题干：“某人应该做某事”“某物对某人有益处”
反驳题干：“某人不该做某事”“某物对某人有害处
样例：Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of who/what/how宾语从句/名词词组. Some maintain that 一件事情主被动互换句式/两者对比instead of doing sth, sb should do sth. In my submission, 具体观点+预告（具体/抽象）
同意与否的题目，要把开头段的观点句说具体，不要写“我同意、我不同意”，可能会忘记遗漏题目内容
真题：
2025.2.15同意与否
The best way to protect the environment is to use local resource, such as food or building materials rather than transporting resources from other places. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of 如何保护环境考虑到资源的使用. Some maintain that instead of 运送各种材料从其他地区, 市民应该高效利用本地的食物和建筑材料为了生态系统。 In my submission, 使用当地的资源有益于环境，考虑到节约和循环。
背景句：Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of(用宾语从句)how to preserve(替换protect) nature considering the usage of resources(总结词to use of local resource改为名词短语the usage of resources). 改写句：Some maintain that instead of delivering various materials from other regions, citizens should efficiently exploit local food and constructing materials for the ecosystem. 观点句：In my submission, utilizing native resources is beneficial to the environment in terms of conservation and recycling.
观点句
内容：
宾语从句： 题目讨论和人相关的事情 Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of who can do sth 题目讨论和影响、原因相关 Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of what are influences/reasons of sth 题目讨论的是动作/方式 Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of how to do sth
主体段
赞同一方写法
主1：大段150字
中心句(20字)：重复题目+预告两个例子的角度（展开分论点） For starters, sth will be beneficial/detrimental to … in terms of A and B 解释句(20字)： Initially, it is evident that 原因+影响+第一个例子（70字） Besides, when……原因+影响+第二个例子（70字） (Generally, sb should do sth……, while this trend also implies potential threat to …..)
原因：
影响：
例子：
主2：小段50字
中心句+解释句（原因） By contrast, sb/sth ……….
解释句：影响 Besides, …….
主1：100字，主2：100字 如何赞同(反驳)一个观点？ 原因+结果+举例子 原因+结果+举例子
如果题目是绝对级则要强烈对比，否则柔和对比
解释句和举例子无法区分？
原因+好处/坏处——抽象
例子——泛指的主语做上面的具体事情
结尾段
改写开头段的观点句+预告(+简单概括主体) In conclusion,sb/sth should …….
In conclusion/In summary/All in all/Overall/Above all/In a nutshell/To conclude/To sum up
一个真题
真题3：
2024.5.25同意与否——两者对比+抽象内容
It is impossible to help all people around the world in need, so governments should focus on helping people in their own country. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Currently, citizens are disputing the issue of governmental charitable projects. Some maintain that instead of providing assistance to developing countries worldwide, authorities should give priority to native citizens. In my submission, public fund should be invested in ensuring the well-being of domestic residents out of government’s obligation(公共资金应出于政府的责任被用于保障本国居民的福祉)
主体段1：150政府帮助本国人
For starters, authorities, especially for developing countries, should make efforts for their native residents in that people will besatisfied with their community and they can improve social equality.
中心句：重复题干+解释句：影响（好处）
It is widely accepted that public budget should be invested in infrastructure including medical service, educational resources and public welfare, which all consume a tremendous amount of funding. All these expenditures are contained within governmental daily operation, which are indispensable for the well-being of citizens domestically. 人们普遍认为，公共预算应投入于基础设施建设，包括医疗服务、教育资源和公共福利，这些项目无一不需要大量资金。所有这些支出都属于政府的日常运作范畴，是保障本国公民福祉所不可或缺的。
解释句：预告三个例子+原因
With advanced medical system related to public healthcare, medical facilities and professional doctors and nurses, local people will enjoy satisfying physical condition to make further contribution to their society. 借助涵盖公共医疗、医疗设施及专业医护人员的先进医疗体系，当地居民将享有良好的健康状况，从而能够进一步为社会作出贡献。
Moreover, when adequate educational resources are provided for the public, talented people will be cultivated to develop their own countries. 此外，当公众能够获得充分的教育资源时，社会将培养出更多人才，从而推动国家的发展。
There is no doubt that for disadvantaged people who suffer from poverty, governments can distribute various resources to promote their basic living standard including necessary shelter and average living expenses.
三个例子：医疗+教育+福利
Generally, there are a variety of aspects for local governments to invest in for domestic people, which indicates that for underdeveloped countries, they are unlikely to distribute extra resources for other countries.
总结句：改写中心句+引出下一段
本段结构：中心句+解释句+三个例子+总结句
主体段2：50政府不帮助别国的人
By contrast, when local governments possess limited resources in terms of financial reserves and lack of natural raw materials, they are highly unlikely to provide assistance to other countries in need.
中心句：重复题目+原因
If they insist on helping others, domestic resentment will be aroused. Not all the countries are developed sufficiently to fully take care of every citizen, which means there will be nations which endure domestic challenges like hunger, wars and unemployment.
解释句：影响——对人民的坏处
All in all, government leaders need to prioritize the well-being of their own residents.
总结句
In conclusion, governments should give priority to their native citizens and distribute public fund in various aspects to facilitate public daily life.
结尾段
2025.5.17同意与否：The media should include more stories which report good news. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Currently, the public are discussing the topic of 公共媒体的内容。Some people think that 令人愉快的报道应该被宣传/被包含在不同的媒体中。In my perspective, 公众应该多接触积极的故事在日常生活中，尤其是更多的福利为了居民。
High-level computer skills are a necessary and important factor leading to a successful career. To what extent do you agree or disagree?这个题目也是，反驳不能跑题，不能说因为还需要其他技能
